Doom Dooma DoomSayer: October 2017

Tuesday, October 31, 2017

OCTOBER 31, 2017 - BONDAGE OF FREE WILL

OCTOBER 31, 2017 - BONDAGE OF FREE WILL

On Tuesday October 31, 2017 I acknowledge 'The Bondage of the Will' and all of my actions are predestined for I have no ability or freedom to act on my own. To my onlookers it may seem that I am making choices and choosing my actions. I make those choices and choose those actions for God knows my mind and predetermines the external circumstances that compel me to perform actions.

My human effort to seek recognition for my Identity that I describe as 'DOOM DOOMA DOOMSAYER' is predestined long before I coined that phrase.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

DOOM DOOMA DOOMSAYER

MARTIN LUTHER POSTS 95 THESES - OCT 31, 1517

Clipped from: http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/martin-luther-posts-95-theses?

On this day in 1517, the priest and scholar Martin Luther approaches the door of the Castle Church in Wittenberg, Germany, and nails a piece of paper to it containing the 95 revolutionary opinions that would begin the Protestant Reformation.

In his theses, Luther condemned the excesses and corruption of the Roman Catholic Church, especially the papal practice of asking payment—called "indulgences"—for the forgiveness of sins. At the time, a Dominican priest named Johann Tetzel, commissioned by the Archbishop of Mainz and Pope Leo X, was in the midst of a major fundraising campaign in Germany to finance the renovation of St. Peter's Basilica in Rome. Though Prince Frederick III the Wise had banned the sale of indulgences in Wittenberg, many church members traveled to purchase them. When they returned, they showed the pardons they had bought to Luther, claiming they no longer had to repent for their sins.

Luther's frustration with this practice led him to write the 95 Theses, which were quickly snapped up, translated from Latin into German and distributed widely. A copy made its way to Rome, and efforts began to convince Luther to change his tune. He refused to keep silent, however, and in 1521 Pope Leo X formally excommunicated Luther from the Catholic Church. That same year, Luther again refused to recant his writings before the Holy Roman Emperor Charles V of Germany, who issued the famous Edict of Worms declaring Luther an outlaw and a heretic and giving permission for anyone to kill him without consequence. Protected by Prince Frederick, Luther began working on a German translation of the Bible, a task that took 10 years to complete.

The term "Protestant" first appeared in 1529, when Charles V revoked a provision that allowed the ruler of each German state to choose whether they would enforce the Edict of Worms. A number of princes and other supporters of Luther issued a protest, declaring that their allegiance to God trumped their allegiance to the emperor. They became known to their opponents as Protestants; gradually this name came to apply to all who believed the Church should be reformed, even those outside Germany. By the time Luther died, of natural causes, in 1546, his revolutionary beliefs had formed the basis for the Protestant Reformation, which would over the next three centuries revolutionize Western civilization.

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Monday, October 30, 2017

WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE AGAINST CAPITALIST CLASS WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS

WORKERS OF THE WORLD UNITE AGAINST CAPITALIST CLASS WITH CHINESE CHARACTERISTICS

In my analysis, a new era of Capitalist Class with Chinese Characteristics has usurped power to impose its doctrine of Neocolonialism. I am asking Workers of the World to Unite Against Capitalist Class with Chinese Characteristics. Red China's Plan to impose Social, and Economic Injustice using Force will be rejected by Working Class of all her Colonies.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

DOOM DOOMA DOOMSAYER

China's Communist leadership has a model of totalitarianism for the 21st century

The Washington Post - Opinion

By Jackson Diehl

Clipped from: https://www.washingtonpost.com/opinions/global-opinions/chinas-communist-leadership-has-a-model-of-totalitarianism-for-the-21st-century/2017/10/29/8b32fb10-ba74-11e7-a908-a3470754bbb9_story.html?

While the Trump White House wallowed in its usual trifling controversies, China’s Communist leadership this month staged what will be remembered as the most important political event of the year, and maybe of the century so far. As the party Congress concluded last week, Xi Jinping was confirmed as most powerful leader in Beijing since Mao Zedong — and he proclaimed the regime’s intention not just to become the world’s leading power, but to establish a new model of totalitarianism.

Xi’s “new era of socialism with Chinese characteristics” was written into the party constitution, making anyone who opposes it an enemy of the state. Its aim is to make China “a leading global power” by 2050, with a “world class military” built to fight and win wars. These aims will be achieved by reinforcing Xi’s dictatorial powers, and those of the party, over every area of life, using cutting-edge technologies like artificial intelligence. It’s a Stalinism for the 21st century.

Perhaps most ominously, Xi envisions his updated police state as a model for the rest of the world. Twenty-five years ago, the liberal democratic system of the West was supposed to represent the “end of history,” the definitive paradigm for human governance. Now, Xi imagines, it will be the regime he is in the process of creating. “It offers a new option for other countries and nations,” he said during a three-hour, 25-minute speech that was its own statement of grandiosity. “It offers Chinese wisdom and a Chinese approach to solving the problems facing mankind.”

Plenty of strongmen and would-be strongmen around the world were likely applauding, from Turkey’s Recep Tayyip Erdogan to Hungary’s Viktor Orban and, it seems, Stephen K. Bannon. The oracle of the alt-right called Xi’s 30,000-word text “an adult speech to adults,” in contrast to the “Pablum” of John McCain and George W. Bush, who delivered contemporaneous speeches defending democratic values and U.S. global leadership.

It’s worth considering what the world might look like 30 years from now if Xi’s ambitions are realized. A few broad themes stand out:

Concentration of power.

Xi is returning China to the era when a single, emperor-like figure ruled without the constraints of legal checks or term limits. In a break with the practice of the past two decades, no potential successor was named at the congress to the party’s standing committee, meaning that Xi aims to remain in power after his second five-year term as president ends in 2023. At 64, he could conceivably dominate China until 2035, the year he set for achieving many of his goals.

State control of all behavior.

In the past five years, Xi’s regime has wiped out the modest avenues for dissent his predecessors allowed, from human rights lawyers to non-government groups and cautiously critical journalists. Now it is developing a far more ambitious system of social control driven by new technologies. Every citizen will be given a “social credit” rating based on data collected through the Internet, the financial system and public surveillance, which will be stored along with facial images. Those with bad ratings will have good reason to fear being recognized by the regime’s ubiquitous cameras. At last, the overused term “Orwellian” will be accurate.

A global imperial system.

Xi’s “belt and road ” initiative, which will invest hundreds of billions of dollars in infrastructure projects across Eurasia, is meant to create a Beijing-dominated geopolitical block that overshadows the transatlantic alliance. Meanwhile, the regime is seeking to control how it is portrayed even in the West. It has kidnapped dissenters in other countries and sought to suppress critical discussion of China on university campuses. Western journalists who probe corruption are denied visas. If Xi has his way, even countries that remain democratic won’t practice free speech where China is concerned.

Of course, it is possible that Xi is overreaching. As it watches the United States and much of the rest of the West struggle with populist and nationalist movements, the political consequence of the last crisis of capitalism, the Chinese elite may overestimate the attraction of their totalitarian alternative. Centralized control of society and the stifling of individual freedom led China and other Communist nations to catastrophe in the late 20th century; Xi’s bet that a modified, technologically updated system can work in the 21st century could easily fail.

It would nevertheless be dangerous not to take China’s strongman seriously. He is imagining a world where human freedom would be drastically curtailed and global order dominated by a clique of dictators. When a former chief political adviser to the U.S. president applauds that “adult” vision, it’s not hard to imagine how it might prevail.

Read more from Jackson Diehl’s archive, follow him on Twitter or subscribe to his updates on Facebook.

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Sunday, October 29, 2017

PICK A NAME FOR CHINA'S XI JINPING - PRESIDENT, KING, OR DICTATOR

PICK A NAME FOR CHINA'S XI JINPING - PRESIDENT, KING, OR DICTATOR

Pick a name for China's Xi Jinping. "Some people might call him the King of China. But he's called president" says President Donald Trump.

Special Frontier Force picked up a name for China's Xi Jinping - 'The Great Dictator of Communist China.' His 'Greatness' overshadows the Greatness of Dictator, Chairman Mao Zedong.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

PRESIDENT TRUMP: SOME MAY CALL XI JINPING 'KING OF CHINA'

Clipped from: http://time.com/4998720/donald-trump-kind-china-xi-jinping/

"Some people might call him the king of China. But he’s called president"

President Trump congratulated Xi Jinping in an interview for cementing his power as China’s leader, noting that some people refer to him as royalty and the bond between them is unparalleled.

“He represents China, I represent the USA, so, you know, there’s going to always be conflict. But we have a very good relationship. People say we have the best relationship of any president-president, because he’s called president also,” Trump told Fox Business Network’s Lou Dobbs in an interview that aired Wednesday night.

“Now some people might call him the king of China,” Trump continued. “But he’s called president. But we have a very good relationship and that’s a positive thing.”

Trump’s comments come just days after Xi Jinping not only consolidated his lock on the Chinese presidency for another five years, but had his name enshrined in the national constitution, making him the country’s most powerful leader since Mao Zedong.

Trump told Dobbs he had just spoken with Xi before their interview, but did not provide any details about the call. The White House said in an official readout that the two leaders spoke about cooperation between their countries, which included efforts to rid North Korea of its nuclear weapons, and Trump’s upcoming visit.

But Trump has criticized China in the past. On the campaign trail, he said China was “raping” the United States with its trade deficits, and he has criticized the country for inaction on North Korea since he took office.

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Friday, October 27, 2017

TRUMP HAS NO EXCUSE FOR NOT MEETING DALAI LAMA

TRUMP HAS NO EXCUSE FOR NOT MEETING DALAI LAMA

President Trump has no excuse for not meeting Dalai Lama at The White House. His predecessors had good reasons for meeting Dalai Lama at The White House.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

CHINA SAYS NO EXCUSES FOR FOREIGN OFFICIALS MEETING DALAI LAMA

Clipped from: https://www.reuters.com/article/us-china-congress-tibet/china-says-no-excuses-for-foreign-officials-meeting-dalai-lama-idUSKBN1CQ057

BEIJING (Reuters) - Foreign leaders can’t think they can get away with meeting exiled Tibetan spiritual leader the Dalai Lama just because they are doing it in a personal capacity, as they still represent their government, a senior Chinese official said on Saturday.

The 14th Dalai Lama won in 1989 for "his struggle for the liberation of Tibet" as well as his consistent opposition to the use of violence. REUTERS/Yuan Jia-hung

China considers the Dalai Lama, who fled into exile in India in 1959 after a failed uprising against Chinese rule, to be a dangerous separatist. The Nobel Peace Prize winning monk says he simply seeks genuine autonomy for his Himalayan homeland.

Visits by the Dalai Lama to foreign countries infuriate China, and fewer and fewer national leaders are willing to meet him, fearing the consequences of Chinese anger, though some have tried to placate Beijing by saying they are meeting him in a personal not official capacity.

Zhang Yijiong, who heads the Communist Party’s Tibet working group, told reporters on the sidelines of a party congress that there could be no excuses to meeting the Dalai Lama.

“Although some people say, the Dalai is a religious figure, our government didn’t put in an appearance, it was just individual officials, this is incorrect,” said Zhang, who is also a vice minister at the United Front Work Department, which has led failed talks with the Dalai Lama’s representatives.

“Officials, in their capacity as officials, attending all foreign-related activities represent their governments. So I hope governments around the world speak and act with caution and give full consideration their friendship with China and their respect for China’s sovereignty,” he added.

China took control of Tibet in 1950 in what it calls a “peaceful liberation” and has piled pressure on foreign governments to shun the Dalai Lama, using economic means to punish those who allow him in.

China strongly denies accusations of rights abuses in Tibet, saying its rule has brought prosperity to what was a remote and backward region, and that it fully respects the religious and cultural rights of the Tibetan people.

China also insists that Tibet in an integral part of its territory and has been for centuries.

Zhang, who worked in Tibet from 2006-2010 as a deputy Communist Party boss, said that Tibetan Buddhism was a special religion “born in our ancient China”.

“It’s a Chinese religion. It didn’t come in from the outside,” he said.

Reporting by Ben Blanchard; Editing by Kim Coghill

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XI JINPING vs SENIOR ALIEN - BOTH HAVE NO RETIREMENT PLANS

XI JINPING vs SENIOR ALIEN - BOTH HAVE NO RETIREMENT PLANS

Communist China's President Xi Jinping has no retirement plan for China's Communist Party finds no successor. Senior Alien has no retirement plan for he lives in Free World called USA where the US Social Security Commissioner imposes Slavery, Forced Labor, Compulsory Service, Labor Against Will, and Involuntary Servitude withholding payment of monthly retirement income benefits.

However, Senior Alien enjoys Freedom of Speech to oppose "Xi Thought" with his promise of 'Heavenly Strike' on The Evil Red Empire.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

XI JINPING'S 'NEW ERA' CHINA A NEW ERA FOR THE WORLD?

Clipped from: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-41744675

Carrie Gracie China editor

Image copyright Getty Images

China's new leadership line-up was the last scene to play in the carefully scripted drama of the Communist Party Congress. Yet again Xi Jinping defied convention.

Halfway through one Party chief's decade in power, a leader-in-waiting would normally appear in a red carpet ceremony at the Great Hall of the People.

But the men beside Mr. Xi were all in their 60s and late 50s, too old to be an heir.

Breaking the mould on the succession, as with so much else, is part of the Chinese president's New Era, as he has termed it.

But don't imagine that now the Congress is over, you can forget about Mr. Xi's New Era.

In the clash of political civilizations, he has put China on the offensive.

In his three-and-a-half hour speech to Congress, he set out a vision not just for the five years ahead but for 30, and talked of a socialist model which provides, "a new option for other countries and nations who want to speed up their development while preserving their independence".

At home China is already a surveillance state accelerating its ability to listen to every call and track every face, online posting, movement and purchase. Expect it now to export not just the governance model but the cyber weapons to make that work.

Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Mr. Xi wants China's socialism to be a model for others to follow

Gone is the insistence that China must hide its light under a bushel and be a modest player abroad. Mr. Xi told Congress that China must be a "great power" with a first class military "built to fight".

Winning hearts and minds

But the president's New Era doesn't rely solely on hard power.

Over the past four decades China has built a market economy under a one party state. Now Mr. Xi hopes to correct its flaws to deliver his citizens a better quality of life.

He dreams of an innovative powerhouse driven by well-educated citizens with unshakeable faith in the superiority of their system. His speech to Congress promised more control of the internet to "oppose and resist the whole range of erroneous viewpoints".

But he hopes to win the battle for hearts and minds even earlier and his education minister said schoolchildren would soon begin to study "'Xi Thought'".

The full slogan is "Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics for a New Era". Behind the rhetoric, this means an enormous centralization of power for Xi and his Party over China's economy and society.

Image copyright Reuters Image caption 'Xi thought' puts Xi Jinping (left) on par with Mao Zedong

Official media have dwelled on the "lies" of western democracy and the failures of capitalism, a system "swamped by crisis and chaos". In the words of one commentary by state news agency Xinhua, "The wealth gap widens, the working class suffers, and the society remains divided".

In absolute GDP, the United States may still be the world's largest economy, but President Trump has withdrawn American leadership on free trade and climate change and Xi's China has neatly stepped into the gap.

A future global leader?

Mr. Xi talks about guiding the international community "towards a more just and rational new world order". The latest Pew opinion survey across 37 countries suggests more people now trust the Chinese leader to do the right thing than the American one.

On its current trajectory, the Chinese economy will overtake the US sometime in the next decade to become the world's largest.

Critics dismiss the challenge of the China model, predicting that rigid politics will cramp innovation and growth will succumb to market distortions. Certainly most countries that make it to the world's rich club go democratic first.

But China has always seen itself as exceptional by virtue of its scale, its history and its culture. Xi Jinping says China's road to a great nation will be "different from that of traditional great powers". He is no keener to adopt what he sees as American values than the US is to adopt Chinese ones.

Cementing control

Several things follow from this control mission. Firstly, the values of liberal democracy are by definition the enemy. The appeal of free media, independent judiciary and pluralistic civil society are discredited wherever possible. In fact, since Mr. Xi came to power, public discussion of these values has become taboo in China.

By contrast, Mr. Xi is expanding his formal and informal control network through Communist Party cells. They now operate not just in domestic companies but in more than two thirds of foreign invested ones on Chinese soil. All foreign economic engagement in China is increasingly on the Party's terms, permitted only in sectors and at a pace which is designed to meet China's interests rather than those of its trading partners.

And for those partners, the debate over how to respond is likely to become more polarized in this New Era.

Mr. Xi's admirers will insist that China's ruling party deserves credit for pulling many millions of its citizens out of poverty and point out that at nearly 7% Chinese growth is one of the engines of the global economy.

Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Mr. Xi wants China center stage in a new world order

His detractors will argue that his Party deserves little credit for an economic miracle won by the hard work and ingenuity of the Chinese people despite its rulers rather than because of them. Some will even point to the rise of Hitler and Stalin as lessons in the cost of not confronting dictatorships.

'Awesome China'?

Four trillion dollars in foreign reserves, and control over the fastest growing consumer market in the world, give Xi Jinping powerful weapons to influence this debate.

Even as the Communist Party unveiled its new leadership on Wednesday, it excluded several major western news organizations from the ceremony.

Officially no reason was given for barring the BBC, Financial Times, Economist, New York Times and Guardian, but unofficially journalists were told that their reporting was to blame. Another sign of Xi's determination to control the message at home and abroad.

As Mr. Xi declares China ready "to move towards center stage in the world", it's not clear whether his mission to control will help or hinder him.

For his public the slogan of the moment is not "Xi Jinping Thought on Socialism with Chinese Characteristics For a New Era". It is the far simpler "awesome China" in red and gold on banners, bicycle wheels and social media posts.

Few would deny that China is awesome. But exactly how is in the eye of the beholder. For many Chinese patriots, "awesome China" signals pride. For many outsiders it means admiration. But for others there's an undercurrent of ambivalence and even fear.

The only certainty is that none will be untouched by China in Mr. Xi's New Era.

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Wednesday, October 25, 2017

XI JINPING vs SENIOR ALIEN - BOTH HAVE NO RETIREMENT PLANS

XI JINPING vs SENIOR ALIEN - BOTH HAVE NO RETIREMENT PLANS

However, Senior Alien enjoys Freedom of Speech to oppose "Xi Thought" with his promise of 'Heavenly Strike' on The Evil Red Empire.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada

SPECIAL FRONTIER FORCE

XI JINPING'S 'NEW ERA' CHINA A NEW ERA FOR THE WORLD?

Clipped from: http://www.bbc.com/news/world-asia-china-41744675

Carrie Gracie China editor

Image copyright Getty Images

China's new leadership line-up was the last scene to play in the carefully scripted drama of the Communist Party Congress. Yet again Xi Jinping defied convention.

Halfway through one Party chief's decade in power, a leader-in-waiting would normally appear in a red carpet ceremony at the Great Hall of the People.

But the men beside Mr. Xi were all in their 60s and late 50s, too old to be an heir.

Breaking the mould on the succession, as with so much else, is part of the Chinese president's New Era, as he has termed it.

But don't imagine that now the Congress is over, you can forget about Mr. Xi's New Era.

In the clash of political civilizations, he has put China on the offensive.

Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Mr. Xi wants China's socialism to be a model for others to follow

Winning hearts and minds

But the president's New Era doesn't rely solely on hard power.

Over the past four decades China has built a market economy under a one party state. Now Mr. Xi hopes to correct its flaws to deliver his citizens a better quality of life.

But he hopes to win the battle for hearts and minds even earlier and his education minister said schoolchildren would soon begin to study "'Xi Thought'".

Image copyright Reuters Image caption 'Xi thought' puts Xi Jinping (left) on par with Mao Zedong

A future global leader?

On its current trajectory, the Chinese economy will overtake the US sometime in the next decade to become the world's largest.

Cementing control

And for those partners, the debate over how to respond is likely to become more polarized in this New Era.

Image copyright Getty Images Image caption Mr. Xi wants China center stage in a new world order

'Awesome China'?

Four trillion dollars in foreign reserves, and control over the fastest growing consumer market in the world, give Xi Jinping powerful weapons to influence this debate.

Even as the Communist Party unveiled its new leadership on Wednesday, it excluded several major western news organizations from the ceremony.

As Mr. Xi declares China ready "to move towards center stage in the world", it's not clear whether his mission to control will help or hinder him.

The only certainty is that none will be untouched by China in Mr. Xi's New Era.

Created with Microsoft OneNote 2016.

Sunday, October 22, 2017

SARTRE WINS AND DECLINES NOBEL PRIZE - OCTOBER 22, 1964

SARTRE WINS AND DECLINES NOBEL PRIZE - OCTOBER 22, 1964

· http://www.history.com/this-day-in-history/sartre-wins-and-declines-nobel-prize

· Publisher
A+E Networks

On this day in 1964, Jean-Paul Sartre is awarded the Nobel Prize for literature, which he declines.

In his novels, essays, and plays, Sartre advanced the philosophy of existentialism, arguing that each individual must create meaning for his or her own life, because life itself had no innate meaning.

Sartre studied at the elite École Normale Supérieure between 1924 and 1929. He met Simone de Beauvoir, who became his lifelong companion, during this time. The pair spent countless hours in cafés, talking, writing, and drinking coffee. Sartre became a philosophy professor and taught in Le Havre, Laon, and Paris. In 1938, his first novel, Nausea, was published-the narrative took the form of a diary of a cafÉ-haunting intellectual. In 1939, he was drafted into World War II, taken prisoner, and held for about a year; he later fought with the French Resistance.

In 1943, he published one of his key works, Being and Nothingness, where he argued that man is condemned to freedom and has a social responsibility. Sartre and Beauvoir engaged in social movements, supporting communism and the radical student uprisings in Paris in 1968.

Also in 1943, he wrote one of his best-known plays, The Flies, followed by Huis Clos (No Exit) in 1945. In 1945, he began a four-volume novel called The Roads to Freedom but gave up the novel form after finishing the third volume in 1949. In 1946, he continued to develop his philosophy in Existentialism and Humanism.

In the 1950s and 60s, he devoted himself to studies of literary figures like Baudelaire, Jean Genet, and Flaubert. The Family Idiot, his work on Flaubert, was massive, but only three of four volumes were published. Sartre’s health and vision declined in his later years, and he died in 1980.

WHAT IS MAN? WHAT IS EXISTENCE?

What is man? The motivation for asking this question comes from a statement expressed in Sanskrit language, “Sarvesham Swastir Bhavatu”, which seeks the well-being of all humans, of all races, of all religions, of all cultures, and of all nations. Our efforts to support the well-being of man would be affected by our understanding the ‘real’ or ‘true’ nature of man. All human traditions, including religious, cultural, literary, philosophical, and scientific traditions make assumptions about human nature. The basic assumption about human nature is that of finding it displayed in thoughts, feelings, moods, and the actions and the behaviors that proceed from such mental states of the human individual.

Human nature could be discovered by understanding the biological basis for human existence. Human nature is a reflection of potency that keeps the human object existing. To describe human nature from mental life or mental states of an individual causes Subject-Object Dualism. I try to know human nature by knowing the characteristics of the substance that exists. The substance when it performs its functions, the characteristics of its behavior could be observed in biotic interactions; the interactions of the cells, the tissues, the organs, and the organ systems that constitute the human organism. I try to discover human nature of a Subject who objectively exists because of the functions of the cells, the tissues, organs, and organ systems that provide the basis for that existence.

EXISTENTIALISM – THE PHILOSOPHY OF HUMAN EXISTENCE:

Jean Paul Sartre ( 1905 – 1980), French novelist, playwright, and exponent of Existentialism.

The philosophical focus of Existentialism is concerned with the uniqueness of the individual human being, the meaning or purpose of human life as a subjective experience, and with the freedom of human individual. Sartre believed in the ability of every person to choose for himself his attitudes, purposes, values, and a way of life. Sartre’s thesis is that humans are essentially free, free to choose ( though not free not to choose ) and free to negate the given features of the world. In his novel, “Being and Nothingness” ( 1943), Sartre expresses an opinion that the only ‘authentic’ and genuine way of life is that freely chosen by each individual for himself. Sartre’s driving belief in Radical Freedom involves the ability to choose not only a course of action but also what one would become. According to Sartre, man is truly free, the world, whether material or social can place no constraints on him, not even to the extent of determining what would or would not be good reasons for following a given course of action. Sartre thought that there are no transcendent or objective values set for human beings and that there is no ultimate meaning or purpose inherent in human life. Sartre insists that the only foundation for values is human freedom and that there can be no external or objective justification for the values anyone chooses to adopt.

HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS AND HUMAN EXISTENCE:

Sartre divides the being, the existing realities into two categories;1. one category is called being – in – itself ( L’etre – en – soi ) which comprises inanimate things such as rocks, and 2. the second category is being – for – itself ( L’etre – pour – soi ) which comprises beings that have feelings such as human beings. Sartre has effectively excluded a vast majority of living organisms from the category that he called being – for – itself. Sartre understands consciousness as an ability to know or be aware of feelings. His view is only partly correct. The true function of consciousness is awareness of the state, condition, and the fact of living or of one's own living condition called existence. Hence, this Amoeba proteus is a conscious entity while it is living in its given environment.

Sartre makes a radical distinction between consciousness ( L’etre – pour – soi, being – for – itself ) and non-conscious objects ( L’etre – en – soi, being – in – itself ). Though it is correct to claim that human beings have emotional feelings, thoughts, and moods, the nature of consciousness is the same in all living entities. The presence or absence of feelings is of no consideration to make the fundamental distinction between inanimate and animate beings.

Sartre focused on the opposition between objective things and human consciousness. This basic dualism is shown by the fact that consciousness necessarily has an object; it is always consciousness of something which is not itself. Consciousness makes the distinction between itself and its object. Sartre makes a conceptual connection between consciousness and nothingness. Human consciousness is a non-thing as its reality consists in standing back from things and taking a point of view on them. Because consciousness is a non-thing ( Sartre’s “neant” literally means “nothingness” ), it does not have any of the causal involvements that things have with other things. This means that consciousness and thus humans themselves are essentially free. In Sartre’s view, to pretend that we are not free is that of self-deception or bad faith ( mauvaise foi ). According to Sartre, the freedom of human consciousness is experienced by humans as a burden and it causes anguish. Sartre’s most basic point is that to be conscious is to be ‘free’.

Sartre’s concept of human freedom is a simple mental entity and it involves the freedom of imagination. However, man has a very limited freedom to convert his imagination into actuality. Man lacks total freedom and has no true freedom as he does not directly rule or govern even a single cell in his body which comprises of trillions of individual living cells which have functional autonomy and are independent entities while being part of a group.

HUMAN CONSCIOUSNESS AND HUMAN FREEDOM :

Human Consciousness and Human Freedom – Sartre contends that we can never be just objects to be observed and accurately described. However, Biology describes man as a multicellular organism, man can view a cell from his own body and then the Subject viewing the Object and the Object that is viewed are the same and the Subject can accurately describe the Object. I observe cell structure and functions to understand human consciousness and human freedom.

I may have to disagree with the view shared by Sartre and various others about the nature of human consciousness. The problem involves the description of consciousness as a mental function. Consciousness is a neurobiological function, and more importantly it is the basic living function. The living cell is aware or conscious of the fact of its own existence, it is conscious of itself and its internal condition, and it is conscious of its external environment and objects found in its external environment. Hence, consciousness must be described as a biological characteristic of living cells and living organisms. Consciousness describes the nature of the substance that is living, the matter that lives and is known as living matter. The living matter is conscious of its internal condition, a condition that demands the supply of energy from an external source to keep its existence. The biological properties of motion, and nutrition come into play because of this biological characteristic called consciousness. Hence it is a vital, or animating principle of all living cells and living organisms. The living cell because of its consciousness knows its nature of energy dependent existence and uses its power of motion and nutrition to attract substances found in its external environment to perform all other living functions to support its growth and maintenance.

The fact of energy dependent existence and the consciousness of that conditioned existence speaks of the lack of human freedom in matters that pertain to human existence. A complex human living system exists because of harmonious interactions, partnership, relationship, and association between the cells, the tissues, the organs, and the organ systems that constitute the human individual. These biotic interactions display behavioral characteristics such as mutual assistance, mutual cooperation, mutual tolerance, mutual subservience or mutual functional subordination to provide benefits to each other to support the survival and reproductive success of each other. There is sympathy, compassion, and understanding for the needs of each other among the participants of a biotic or biological community or association of living cells that comprise the human person.

I observe the human organism and I describe Spirituality as the chief attribute of human existence and human nature. Man has no freedom and man has no choice other than that of existing as a Spiritual Being. It is ironic that man has no cortical or mental awareness of the spiritual nature of his own body and the substance that lives because of its spiritual nature. By seeking awareness of the underlying spiritual nature, man will be able to live in harmony and peace within himself and with others in his environment.

I agree with the view of Sartre and suggest that man’s existence precedes his essence. Sartre has failed to contemplate upon the biological basis of human existence and hence could not describe the reality of human essence and human nature. The Subjective Reality of physical existence precedes and defines essence or the nature of human being. Who you are ( your Essence ) is defined by what you do ( your Existence ). To know man’s essence, to describe human nature, we need a man who is existing. If there is no living, physical being called man, it would serve us no purpose to know its nature or essence. In Spirituality, man’s essence and existence come together to establish the purpose of man in Life.

THE ART OF RECEIVING AND THE ART OF GIVING :

Ecology is the Science that deals with the relations between living organisms and their environment. Humans as individuals and as social or national groups must make adjustments to their geographical, social, and biotic environments to live in peace and harmony. The Art of Receiving and The Art of Giving is inescapable and is inevitable consequence of human living and human life.

Sir Winston Churchill said, “You make a living by what you get. You make a life by what you give.” To add clarity to this quote, I would like to say that human existence depends upon receiving energy from an external source. Human nature involves sharing that energy with others. The human person comprises of about 100 trillion individual living cells and at the same time there are about 10 times 100 trillion microorganisms that inhabit the human gastrointestinal tract. There is a mutually beneficial relationship between man the host and the microbes that inhabit the gastrointestinal tract. These microbes receive a fair share of energy and material that man consumes as food and drink. This relationship persists during the entire course of man’s life. If receiving is inescapable, giving is inevitable consequence of human living and human life. Spirituality is the potency that gives the man the ability to Receive and to Give to others.

Rudranarasimham Rebbapragada, B.Sc., M.B.B.S.,

BHAVANAJAGAT.ORG

by Taboola by Taboola